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Bay Area United Against War Newsletter
Table of Contents:
A. EVENTS AND ACTIONS
B. SPECIAL APPEALS, VIDEOS AND ONGOING CAMPAIGNS
C. ARTICLES IN FULL
(If you would like to be added to the BAUAW list-serve and receive this newsletter via email, send your name (opitional) and email address to: bonnieweinstein@yahoo.com -- it's free. Please put "Add me to the list" in the subject line.)
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A. EVENTS AND ACTIONS
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Bail Out Working People -- NOT the Banks!
Join us on May 9 in San Francisco for a
TEACH-IN & MASS MOBILIZATION PLANNING MEETING
Without joining together for our common interests, we don't have the strength to change our government's priorities. We must begin to build a massive movement that will have the power to impact government policy and give people genuine hope for a better future.
Help organize a mass mobilization and ongoing action campaign around the following demands:
- No layoffs. Massive job-creation program.
- Tax the rich -- don't bail out the banks.
- Pass the Employee Free Choice Act.
- Single-payer healthcare for all.
- Affordable housing for all. Tenants' rights. Moratorium on foreclosures & evictions.
- Funding for jobs and for social services & infrastructure, not for war.
- Stop the ICE raids and deportations. Legalization for all!
Speakers:
- Art Pulaski, Secretary-Treasurer, California Federation of Labor;
- N'tanya Lee, Executive Director, Coleman Advocates for Children and Youth;
- Mark Dudzic, National Organizer, Labor for Single Payer Healthcare Campaign (Washington, D.C.);
- Rosie Martinez, SEIU Local 721 (Los Angeles);
- Steve Williams, Executive Director, POWER (People Organized to Win Employment Rights);
- Conny Ford, Vice President, San Francisco Labor Council;
- Clarence Thomas, ILWU Local 10;
- Jack Rasmus, Professor of economics St. Mary's College and Santa Clara Univ.;
- Alan Benjamin, Executive Committee, San Francisco Labor Council and Workers Emergency Recovery Campaign;
- Student representative, City College of San Francisco, Mission Campus.
ALSO:
Extended remarks from Bay Area labor and community leaders -- and ample time for dialogue among teach-in participants.
AND:
Spoken Word performance by YOUNG PLAYAZ
SATURDAY, MAY 9, 2009 - 1 to 5 p.m.
(registration begins at 12:30 p.m.)
Plumbers Hall,
1621 Market St. @ Franklin St.
San Francisco
Initiated by the San Francisco Labor Council, South Bay Labor Council, and Workers Emergency Recovery Campaign
(list of dozens of teach-in endorsers in formation)
Donations will be requested at door to defray cost of renting the hall, printing leaflets and posters, and copying teach-in packets for all participants. No one will be turned away for lack of funds.
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Call for May 9 Teach-In:
Bail Out Working People, NOT the Banks!
The severity of the economic crisis we are currently facing is predicted to rival the magnitude of the Great Depression. Some say it could be even worse. Over 6 million jobs have already been eliminated since the current recession began. Millions of working people have lost their homes to foreclosures and evictions, and many more homes are in or near default, while housing remains unaffordable to millions of people. The ranks of those without health insurance continue to grow. But even these statistics fail to reflect the growing insecurity and stress of working people across the country as we wonder when we, too, might be next.
Meanwhile, the federal government has showered billions upon billions of taxpayer dollars on financial institutions in the form of bailouts. In other words, working people, who are bearing the brunt of the crisis, are being required to shoulder an additional burden. Our tax dollars are being funneled to the very financial institutions and wealthy investors whose reckless gambling in pursuit of unbridled profit was responsible for driving the economy over the cliff. They have refused to say what they've done with trillions. Worse still, to emphasize their contempt for public opinion, these priests of high finance have spent some of the bailout money on huge bonuses, office decorations and the purchase of more CEO jets.
In response to this unprecedented crisis, many organizations have emerged that are addressing specific issues. Some are fighting foreclosures. Others are fighting for a single-payer healthcare system that would guarantee health coverage for everyone. Still others are pressing for the passage of the Employee Free Choice Act, which, if passed, will greatly facilitate the ability to form unions.
Although our problems take many forms, most of them stem from a single source. During the past three decades, the inequality in wealth has surged to historic proportions not seen since the 1920s. The hourly wage of working people has actually declined, forcing many additional family members into the workforce just to make ends meet. Aggressive campaigns by employers have created additional barriers to unionizing, resulting in a sharp decline in the percentage of unionized workers. Without unions, workers have not had the means to struggle successfully for higher wages, healthcare coverage, pensions and other benefits.
Given these conditions, can there be any wonder that we have a housing crisis and a healthcare crisis? And during this same period, the taxes on corporations and on the rich in general have dramatically declined, thereby accelerating the accumulation of unprecedented wealth, on the one hand, and the decline of tax dollars for public infrastructure and services, on the other.
In order to have any chance of altering these trends, given the magnitude of the crisis we confront and the forces we're up against, we need to come together, unite all our separate organizations and mount a collective struggle around our common concerns. Without joining together for our common interests, we don't have the strength to change our government's priorities. Only in this way can we begin to build a massive movement that will have the power to impact government policy and give people genuine hope for a better future.
We working people constitute the vast majority of the population. We need to ensure that our society operates in the interests of the majority. But we can only succeed if we stand together in solidarity with each other's demands and struggles.
The goal of the May 9 teach-in is to inspire other teach-ins. It is aimed at organizing massive Solidarity DAYS OF ACTION in support of our common demands. By bringing huge numbers of people together in common actions, people will realize through their own experience that they do not stand alone, and they will gain the confidence that by uniting we can begin to exercise real power.
- Join us and help build a movement.
- Together we can prevail.
- An Injury to One Is an Injury to All!
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JROTC MUST GO!
San Francisco School Board to VOTE
on restoring JROTC at its next meeting.
Tuesday, May 12, 2009 - 6:00 pm
555 Franklin Street at McAllister, 1st Floor
San Francisco, CA 94102
415/241-6427 or (415) 241-6493
(To get on the speaker's list call the Monday before the meeting from 8:30 AM - 4:00 PM or Tuesday, the day of the meeting from 8:30 AM - 3:30 PM. You will get at most, two minutes and most probably only one minute to speak.)
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Protest Bank Robbery!
Fed-up? Make Your Voice Heard-Speak Out!
Wed. May 12, 5-6:30pm
Bank of America & Sen. Feinstein's Office
Market and Montgomery Sts., S.F.
Volunteers Needed! Call 415-821-6545 to get involved. Outreach Session - Mon. May 4, 5-8pm, meet at 2489 Mission St. #24, SF. Help flyer, poster and make alert phone calls about the May 6 action.
The government has handed over hundreds of billions of dollars of our money to the biggest banks in the country-Bank of America, JP Morgan Chase, Citibank, Wells Fargo, Goldman Sachs and others-with NO STRINGS ATTACHED!
The big banks and investors set off the worst economic downturn since the Great Depression of the 1930s by their wild betting spree on sub-prime mortgages, hedge funds and other risky investments. Millions of people have lost their jobs, homes, health care, pensions and more because of the crisis caused by Wall Street. But it is the super-rich who are being rescued with ten trillion dollars-$10,000,000,000,000-while working people are left to fend for ourselves.
Congress and the White House didn't even require the banks to reveal what they used the money for. When asked, bankers have simply replied, "We choose not to disclose that information." AMAZING! Anyone else who gets the smallest grant from the government is required to report what they did with the money, otherwise they have to give it back. But not the giant banks who have just been given the biggest gift in history.
Neither Congress, nor the White House have put any conditions on the giveaway that would protect the people! So, no sooner did the banks get the bailout money-our money-than they doubled and tripled interest rates on credit cards, cut credit limits and closed many accounts. It didn't matter if you were making payments or not.
Now the bailed-out banks are stepping up foreclosures and evictions that have already put millions of people out of their homes. In March 2009, the foreclosure rate on homes went up 24%, the biggest increase on record.
What's going on is a double rip-off. The banks are receiving trillions of dollars of our money on the one hand, while increasing their profits by extracting every dollar they can from people who are suffering as a result of the crisis the banks themselves have caused.
WE SAY: ENOUGH IS ENOUGH!
We demand government action at the federal, state and local level to:
- Stop all foreclosures and evictions. There are now 18.9 million vacant housing units in the U.S.-everyone should have the right to a home.
- Rollback and cap credit card rates at no more than 5% interest.
- Bailout the people, not the banks-fund people's needs, not war and the super-rich. The money is there!
For more info: 415-821-6144, justicefirstsf@gmail.com
Justice First is a newly formed national organization that is dedicated to fighting for the people's economic, social and political rights. Justice First believes that everyone has the right to a job or living income, food, housing, health care, education and more. As the bailout has proved, the money is there. Join us in building a movement to put the people's needs first!
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End the Siege of Gaza! Rally in San Francisco on June 6
Solidarity Day on the 42nd Anniversary of Israel's seizure of Gaza
Support the Palestinian Right of Return! Stop U.S. Aid to Israel!
Saturday, June 6
12:00 noon
UN Plaza (7th and Market Sts.)
Saturday, June 6 marks the 42nd anniversary of the Israeli seizure of Gaza. Organizations and individuals in solidarity with the people of Palestine will be taking to the streets once again to demand: End the Siege of Gaza!
The world looked on in horror this past winter as Israel mercilessly starved and bombed the people of Gaza, killing around 1,200 Palestinians (at least a third of whom were children). The Arab world now refers to the dark days from the end of December to mid-January "The Gaza Massacre." Although the mainstream media no longer focuses on Gaza, the suffering continues there nonetheless. Using the pretext of combating terrorism, Israel has refused to allow in even one truckload of cement into Gaza. In other words, the city that was reduced to rubble still lies in rubble today. All these months later, people are still living in tents and are scarcely able to secure the necessities of life.
People of conscience around the world continue to raise their voices in outrage at this crime against humanity, and in solidarity with our brothers and sisters in Gaza. We will also stand for all Palestinian people's inalienable right to return to their homes from which they were evicted. Let your voice be heard -- join us Saturday, June 6, at 12 noon at UN Plaza in San Francisco (7th and Market Sts.). There will be a joint action in Washington DC on June 6.
Sponsoring organizations include ANSWER Coalition (Act Now to Stop War & End Racism), Muslim American Society (MAS) Freedom, National Council of Arab Americans (NCA), Free Palestine Alliance (FPA), Al-Awda - Palestine Right of Return Coalition, American Muslims for Palestine (AMP) and more!
Contact us at 415-821-6545 or answer@answersf.org to endorse or volunteer!
The June 6 demonstration is a major undertaking and we can't do it without the support of the large number of people who are standing with Palestine. Please click this link right now to make a generous donation:
https://secure2.convio.net/pep/site/Donation?ACTION=SHOW_DONATION_OPTIONS&CAMPAIGN_ID=1443&JServSessionIdr010=5e0ldsoh91.app6a
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ATTEND THE JULY 10 NATIONAL ASSEMBLY CONFERENCE IN PITTSBURGH!
REGISTER FOR THE CONFERENCE and DOWNLOAD PRINTABLE BROCHURE (8.5 X 14) at:
https://natassembly.org/Home_Page.html
Dear Brothers and Sisters:
On behalf of the National Assembly to End the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars and Occupations, we are writing to invite you and members of your organization to attend a national antiwar conference to be held July 10-12, 2009 at La Roche College in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
The purpose of this conference is to bring together antiwar and social justice activists from across the country to discuss and decide what we can do together to end the wars, occupations, bombing attacks, threats and interventions that are taking place in the Middle East and beyond, which the U.S. government is conducting and promoting.
We believe that such a conference will be welcomed by the peoples of Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Palestine and Iran, who are the victims of these policies. It will also be welcomed by victims of the depression-type conditions in this country, with tens of millions losing jobs, homes, health care coverage and pensions, while trillions of dollars are spent bailing out Wall Street and the banks, waging expansionist wars and occupations, and funding the Pentagon's insatiable appetite.
This will be the National Assembly's second conference. The first was held in Cleveland last June and it was attended by over 400 people, including top leaders of the antiwar movement and activists from many states. After discussion and debate, attendees voted - on the basis of one person, one vote - to urge the movement to join together for united spring actions. The National Assembly endorsed and helped build the March actions in Washington D.C., San Francisco and Los Angeles, and the April actions in New York City.
We are all aware of the developments since our last conference - the election of a new administration in the U.S., the ongoing occupation of Iraq, the escalation in Afghanistan and Pakistan, the horrific Israeli bombing of Gaza, and the extreme peril of an additional war in the Middle East, this time against Iran. Given all this, it is crystal clear that a strong, united, independent antiwar movement is needed now more than ever. We urge you to help build such a movement by attending the July conference and sharing your ideas and proposals with other attendees regarding where the antiwar movement goes from here.
For more information, please visit the National Assembly's website at natassembly.org, email us at natassembly@aol.com, or call 216-736-4704. We will be glad to send you upon request brochures announcing the July conference (a copy is attached) and you can also register for the conference online. [Please be aware that La Roche College is making available private rooms with baths at a very reasonable rate, but will only guarantee them if reserved by June 25.]
Yours for peace, justice and unity,
National Assembly Administrative Body
Zaineb Alani, Author of The Words of an Iraqi War Survivor & More; Colia Clark, Chair, Richard Wright Centennial Committee, Grandmothers for Mumia Abu-Jamal; Greg Coleridge, Coordinator, Northeast Ohio Anti-War Coalition (NOAC) and Economic Justice and Empowerment Program Director, Northeast Ohio American Friends Service Committee (AFSC); Alan Dale, Iraq Peace Action Coalition (MN); Donna Dewitt, President, South Carolina AFL-CIO; Mike Ferner, President, Veterans for Peace; Jerry Gordon, Former National Co-Coordinator of the Vietnam-Era National Peace Action Coalition (NPAC) and Member, U.S. Labor Against the War Steering Committee; Jonathan Hutto, Navy Petty Officer, Author of Anti-War Soldier; Co-Founder of Appeal for Redress; Marilyn Levin, Coordinating Committee, Greater Boston United for Justice with Peace, Middle East Crisis Coalition; Jeff Mackler, Founder, San Francisco Mobilization for Peace, Jobs and Justice; Fred Mason, President, Maryland State and District of Columbia AFL-CIO and Co-Convenor, U.S. Labor Against the War; Mary Nichols-Rhodes, Progressive Democrats of America/Ohio Branch; Lynne Stewart, Lynne Stewart Organization/Long Time Attorney and Defender of Constitutional Rights [Bay Area United Against War also was represented at the founding conference and will be there again this year. Carole Seligman and I initiated the motion to include adding opposition to the War in Afghanistan to the demands and title of the National Assembly.
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B. SPECIAL APPEALS, VIDEOS AND ONGOING CAMPAIGNS
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Alert: This could be it for Troy Davis
Global Day of Action for Troy Davis
Tuesday, May 19, 2009
http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/troy-davis-finality-over-fairness/sign-up-for-the-day-of-action-for-troy-davis/page.do?id=1011672&ICID=A0904A4&tr=y&auid=4803928
While news channels across the country are consumed with counting up to President Obama's first 100 days in office, Troy Davis has been counting down his last 30 days before a new execution date could be set. Help make these extra days count.
On May 19th help save Troy Davis by putting together any activity, event or creative action that calls attention to his case.
The 30-day stay issued by the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals expires on May 15th.
So now is the time for us to organize to save the life of Troy Anthony Davis. We're asking everybody to come out strong on May 19th - a day marked in human rights calendars across the world as the Global Day of Action for Troy Davis.
Whether you're holding a "Text TROY to 90999" sign on a busy street or organizing your local Amnesty chapter to hold a public demonstration or vigil, we need everybody to contribute their time on May 19th to make sure that the state of Georgia does not kill a man who may well be innocent. Register your Global Day of Action for Troy Davis activity or event now.
We know that time is short for organizing public events, but an execution date could be set as early as late May, so it is essential that action be taken soon. It's also really important that we get an accurate count of how many events and activities are taking place on May 19th, so we can share this information with officials in Georgia. Our emails and phone calls have gone a long way in buying Troy some much-needed time, but now we've got to take our action to the streets.
We appreciate the tens of thousands of you who have stood in Troy's corner while heart-stopping scenes have unfolded. On three separate occasions, Troy has been scheduled for execution. And on three separate occasions, his life was saved within a short period of time, even minutes, of his scheduled execution date.
Each time, those last minute stays came after people like you turned out by the thousands to rally in his defense. It was no coincidence. Troy's sister and long-time Amnesty activist, Martina Correia, has acknowledged Amnesty's powerful role in saving her brother's life each of those times.
Now here we are again with the clock winding down. While we can see little opportunity for legal recourse or second chances, we know that your advocacy has a strong record of making amazing things happen.
When we first introduced you to Troy Davis in early 2007, few people outside of Georgia knew about the injustice taking place. In the past two years, countless people have come to see Troy's case as a prime example of why the death penalty must be abolished - the risk of executing someone for a crime they did not commit is just too high.
We are serious when we say that we need everyone to support Troy Davis on May 19th by organizing their own event or awareness-raising activity.
After all, if you had 30 days left to fight for your life, wouldn't you want to know that you had thousands standing in your corner?
In Solidarity,
Sue Gunawardena-Vaughn
Director, Death Penalty Abolition Campaign
Amnesty International USA
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Snoutbreak '09 - The Last 100 Days
http://www.alternet.org/blogs/healthwellness/138768/jon_stewart_slams_media_swine_flu_fear_mongering_/
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Free Ehren Watada!
For more backfround on Lt. Ehren Watada, go to:
http://www.couragetoresist.org/x/content/view/702/1/
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C. ARTICLES IN FULL
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1) Number of Students Leaving School Early Continues to Increase, Study Says
By JENNIFER MEDINA
April 30, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/30/education/30graduation.html?ref=education
2) Churchgoers more likely to back torture, survey finds
Posted: 01:55 PM ET
April 30th, 2009
http://cnnwire.blogs.cnn.com/2009/04/30/churchgoers-more-likely-to-back-torture-survey-finds/
3) Social Security Is Not Expected to Rise
By ROBERT PEAR
May 3, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/03/us/politics/03benefits.html?hp
4) The Rent Is All Paid Up, but Eviction Still Looms
By JOHN LELAND
May 2, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/02/us/02renters.html
5) As Bats Die, Closing Caves to Control a Fungus
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
May 3, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/03/us/03bats.html?ref=us
6) In a Senegalese Slum, a Building Material Both Primitive and Perilous
By ADAM NOSSITER
May 3, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/03/world/africa/03garbage.html?ref=world
7) Falling Wage Syndrome
By PAUL KRUGMAN
Op-Ed Columnist
May 4, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/04/opinion/04krugman.html
8) Supreme Court Rules Against Government in Identity-Theft Case
By DAVID STOUT
May 5, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/us/05scotus.html?hp
9) Senators Accuse Pentagon of Delay in Recovering Millions
By JAMES GLANZ
May 4, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/04/world/americas/04contract.html?ref=world
10) Community Colleges Challenge Hierarchy With 4-Year Degrees
By TAMAR LEWIN
May 3, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/03/education/03community.html?ref=education
11) Finance Official's Husband Was City's Highest-Paid Parking Judge
By Sewell Chan
May 4, 2009, 8:41 am
http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/04/finance-officials-husband-was-citys-highest-paid-parking-judge/
12) As Foreclosures Surge ...
Editorial
May 4, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/04/opinion/04mon2.html
13) Justices Agree to Take Up Sentencing for Young Offenders
By ADAM LIPTAK
May 5, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/us/05scotus.html?ref=us
14) California: Ruling Against Anti-Creationism Teacher
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
May 5, 2009
National Briefing | West
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/us/05brfs-RULINGAGAINS_BRF.html?ref=us
15) Once 'Very Good Rent Payers' Now Facing Eviction
By MANNY FERNANDEZ
May 5, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/nyregion/05evict.html?ref=nyregion
16) U.S. Raids Killed Afghan Civilians, Red Cross Says
By CARLOTTA GALL and TAIMOOR SHAH
May 7, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/07/world/asia/07afghan.html?hp
17) United Nations Rebukes Israel for Gaza Attacks
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
World Briefing | United Nations
May 6, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/06/world/middleeast/06briefs-israel.html?ref=world
18) Dismissal of Guilty Pleas Is Sought for Immigrants
By JULIA PRESTON
May 6, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/06/us/06immig.html?ref=us
19) Lawmakers Strike Deal to Rescue New York Transit
By WILLIAM NEUMAN and NICHOLAS CONFESSORE
May 6, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/06/nyregion/06mta.html?ref=nyregion
20) A U.S. Hog Giant Transforms Eastern Europe
By DOREEN CARVAJAL and STEPHEN CASTLE
May 6, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/06/business/global/06smithfield.html?ref=business
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1) Number of Students Leaving School Early Continues to Increase, Study Says
By JENNIFER MEDINA
April 30, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/30/education/30graduation.html?ref=education
Almost six years after a lawsuit forced the city to pledge to keep better track of students who leave public schools without graduating, the number leaving high schools has continued to climb, according to a report to be released Thursday by the public advocate's office.
The report raises questions about why more than 20 percent of students from the class of 2007 were discharged - the term for students who leave the school system without graduating - but 17.5 percent from the class of 2000 were. Much of the increase has come from students who are discharged in the ninth grade, which has gone up to 7.5 percent for the class of 2007, but was 3.8 percent in 2000.
Though students can be classified as discharged for a number of benign reasons, including a transfer to a private school or a move out of the city, the Education Department has been sued several times for pushing out students who are struggling and are unlikely to graduate, a practice that can help raise the school's test-score averages and graduation rates.
In 2003, Chancellor Joel I. Klein called the effect of the practice a "tragedy," and when the lawsuit was settled in the fall of that year, the department began requiring all schools to interview students before they can transfer to other programs.
The report was written by Jennifer L. Jennings, a doctoral student at Columbia University, and Leonie Haimson, a frequent critic of Chancellor Klein and the executive director of Class Size Matters, an advocacy group that urges more checks on mayoral control of the schools. The report is being released at a time when the State Legislature is to consider extending the 2002 mayoral control law.
Betsy Gotbaum, the public advocate, said the findings supported her call, issued in the fall of last year, for an independent research board to monitor the Education Department.
"I don't think anything has gotten any better," Ms. Gotbaum said Wednesday. "The numbers explaining where these students go is certainly at best questionable and at least a bit wrong. We really don't understand what all these numbers mean."
Ms. Gotbaum said she asked on Wednesday that the state comptroller's office audit the city's graduation and discharge numbers.
David Cantor, a spokesman for the City Education Department, said that while the increases were noteworthy, they reflected the fact that the student population often moves in and out of the city.
He said the city's graduation rate, which is affected by the number of students who drop out but not those discharged, has improved steadily over the last six years. For the class of 2008, the projected discharge rate is 19.2 percent, Mr. Cantor said.
Mr. Cantor said the city's graduation rates and discharges were audited annually by Ernst & Young.
One of the most alarming trends, according to the report, is the number of ninth-grade students who are discharged.
"This finding is of serious concern, as the goal of the public school system is to provide all students with the support needed to persist and successfully graduate from high school," the report states, adding, "Schools may be responding to accountability incentives to discharge students earlier in their high school careers."
Jennifer Bell-Ellwanger, a senior adviser to the chancellor who oversees research, said department officials had noticed the increase in ninth-grade discharges and were trying to determine its cause.
According to data provided by the Education Department, roughly 74 percent of the more than 18,000 students discharged from the class of 2007 went to a school outside New York City. But according to the report, there is no evidence in census data to suggest that so many teenagers have left New York in recent years.
The department has also reported that the number of high school students transferring to parochial schools has increased over time; there were 2,084 such transfers for the class of 2007, but 821 for the class of 2004, for example. But the report also uses data from the state's Education Department showing that the enrollment in parochial schools appears largely flat.
The report also finds that far more black and Hispanic students are discharged than white and Asian students, and far more boys than girls.
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2) Churchgoers more likely to back torture, survey finds
Posted: 01:55 PM ET
April 30th, 2009
http://cnnwire.blogs.cnn.com/2009/04/30/churchgoers-more-likely-to-back-torture-survey-finds/
WASHINGTON (CNN) - The more often Americans go to church, the more
likely they are to support the torture of suspected terrorists,
according to a new analysis.
More than half of people who attend services at least once a week - 54
percent - said the use of torture against suspected terrorists is
"often" or "sometimes" justified. Only 42 percent of people who "seldom
or never" go to services agreed, according the analysis released
Wednesday by the Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life.
White evangelical Protestants were the religious group most likely to
say torture is often or sometimes justified - more than 6 in 10
supported it. People unaffiliated with any religious organization were
least likely to back it. Only 4 in 10 of them did.
The analysis is based on a Pew Research Center survey of 742 American
adults conducted April 14-21. It did not include analysis of groups
other than white evangelicals, white non-Hispanic Catholics, white
mainline Protestants, and the religiously unaffiliated, because the
sample size was too small.
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3) Social Security Is Not Expected to Rise
By ROBERT PEAR
May 3, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/03/us/politics/03benefits.html?hp
WASHINGTON - For the first time in more than three decades, Social Security recipients will not get any increase in their benefits next year, federal forecasts show.
The absence of a cost-of-living adjustment, calculated under a formula set by law, will be a shock to older Americans already hit by plummeting home values, investment losses and rising health costs. More than 50 million people receive Social Security.
"Most seniors have never been through a year in which there was no Social Security COLA," said David M. Certner, legislative counsel at AARP, the lobby for older Americans. Beneficiaries have received automatic cost-of-living adjustments every year since 1975. The increase this year was 5.8 percent.
In theory, low inflation is good for people on fixed incomes. But it is creating political and policy problems for Congress, which is just learning of the implications for Social Security and Medicare.
The forecasts, by the Obama administration and the Congressional Budget Office, indicate that Social Security beneficiaries will not receive any cost-of-living increase in 2010 or in 2011. The COLA is intended to preserve the purchasing power of Social Security, by increasing benefits to keep pace with consumer prices. In the last year, overall inflation has been low, largely because of the economic downturn and a decline in energy prices.
A freeze in Social Security benefits would have major implications for Medicare because the COLA, in effect, puts a cap on premiums for Part B of Medicare, which covers doctors' services.
If there is no cost-of-living adjustment for Social Security, about three-fourths of beneficiaries will not see any change in their basic Part B premiums, federal officials said. But some beneficiaries do not have this protection and could face substantial increases in their Part B premiums.
In addition, millions of beneficiaries could see higher premiums for drug coverage, provided under Part D of Medicare.
Social Security and Medicare trustees will describe the outlook for benefits and premiums in their annual reports this month.
Officials have already said the condition of Medicare's hospital insurance trust fund is deteriorating because of the recession, which has reduced payroll tax revenues, the main source of money for the fund. Spending on Social Security and Medicare totaled more than $1 trillion last year, accounting for more than one-third of the federal budget.
Most people on Medicare have Part B premiums deducted from their monthly Social Security checks. These premiums have historically increased much faster than Social Security benefits.
Under federal law, most Medicare beneficiaries have some protection. Their basic Part B premiums cannot rise more than the dollar amount of the cost-of-living increase in their Social Security checks. So if there is no COLA, their basic Part B premiums will not increase.
But one-fourth of Medicare beneficiaries are not protected by the law, and their premiums could increase.
Most Medicare beneficiaries pay a monthly Part B premium of $96.40. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that the basic premium will rise to $119 next year and $123 in 2011 for those who are not protected under federal law.
Douglas W. Elmendorf, director of the Congressional Budget Office, predicted that inflation would remain low for several years, so Social Security might not pay a cost-of-living increase until January 2013. President Obama's budget assumes no increase in 2010 or 2011, then a 1.4 percent COLA in 2012.
Mr. Certner, from AARP, described the outlook for consumers: "If, as expected, there is no COLA in Social Security next year but premiums for drug coverage increase, as expected, millions of beneficiaries will see their Social Security checks reduced for the first time."
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4) The Rent Is All Paid Up, but Eviction Still Looms
By JOHN LELAND
May 2, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/02/us/02renters.html
Chauntay Barnes and Edgar Letriz, who live near each other in Connecticut, have many things in common. Both rent homes whose owners defaulted on their mortgages. Both say they never missed a rent payment. And both received eviction notices after the lenders foreclosed. But there is a major difference.
The mortgage on Ms. Barnes's house in Hamden is controlled by Fannie Mae, which in January stopped evicting renters from foreclosed properties. The mortgage on Mr. Letriz's three-family house in New Haven is controlled by HSBC, a London-based bank.
Ms. Barnes is now awaiting a month-to-month lease, valid until Fannie Mae sells her home; Mr. Letriz, on the other hand, is facing eviction.
Renters like Mr. Letriz and Ms. Barnes have long been unsuspecting casualties in the foreclosure crisis, facing eviction through no fault of their own, often with little warning. When the government-controlled mortgage companies, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, started offering leases to renters of foreclosed properties, lawmakers and housing advocates hoped that other lenders would follow suit.
But so far, action has been minimal.
"This has been a silent issue that is now gaining steam and attention," said Marietta Rodriguez, director of national homeownership programs at NeighborWorks America, a nonprofit network of community housing groups. "A lot of states and municipalities are trying to see what they can do" to require banks to extend leases.
So far this year, 30 percent of homes that received foreclosure notices were occupied by someone other than their owner, according to RealtyTrac, which collects foreclosure data. The federal government's recently announced $75 billion housing rescue plan leaves renters unprotected because it applies only to a homeowner's primary residence, not rental properties.
After renters are evicted, properties often remain vacant and become neglected or vandalized, hurting neighborhood property values and creating eyesores - a loss for lenders as well as residents, housing advocates say.
"Is it explicable?" Ms. Rodriguez said. "Not really. It affects the displaced tenant, the value of the building, the neighborhood. Nobody wins."
Banks say that they are not in the business of being landlords and that properties with no occupants are often easier to sell.
Renters caught up in foreclosure face a tangle of often unreachable banks and fears of losing their security deposits along with their homes.
For Ms. Barnes and Mr. Letriz, foreclosure was terrifying, beginning with the eviction notice.
"I thought, 'Oh, my God, I'm going to be out on the street with my kids,' " said Ms. Barnes, 30, a mother of two who is studying to be a nurse.
Then in December, Fannie Mae notified her that it would temporarily halt evictions, and planned to extend leases to renters until it sold the foreclosed buildings. Freddie Mac adopted a similar policy in March.
Though Ms. Barnes still does not have a lease, the company's promises have eased the stress on her family. She has not paid the rent since receiving the eviction notice in September, but said she was ready to resume payments as soon as she got a lease. She laughed mildly over some of the house's maintenance problems, including a rotting front step.
"I told my kids it's a go," she said. "No more being sick from worry. Plans can be made now - no more what ifs."
Mr. Letriz, 39, has had no such reprieve. With a degenerative disc disorder that requires him to use a walker, Mr. Letriz is on disability leave from his job as an assistant dean at Yale College. He shares a neat second-floor apartment with his sister Mariam and her two children. Ms. Letriz is expecting her third child this month.
"I've had sleepless nights and psychiatric counseling because of the pain, and now this causes more stress," Mr. Letriz said. "I'm not capable of moving. I can't pick up even a gallon of milk."
On Feb. 23, a marshal delivered a notice instructing him to respond or move out by March 16.
The first notice was just the start of the process, said Amy Marx, a lawyer at New Haven Legal Assistance who is representing the Letrizes. "But most people, when they get the notice to quit, pack up their bags and go."
New Haven Legal Assistance has urged banks to adopt policies similar to Fannie Mae's, extending month-to-month leases until a foreclosed property is sold. But so far, Ms. Marx said, "none of the banks have been willing to let tenants stay."
"They either offer cash for keys," Ms. Marx said, referring to the practice of offering renters money to move before eviction, "or a little extra time, usually two or three months."
Though banks are required to return renters' security deposits, that does not happen often, Ms. Marx said.
Properties like the Letrizes' house, where the mortgage has been bundled into a securitized trust, often fall between two banks with different interests: a trustee for a pool of securitized mortgages and a servicer hired to manage the individual loans.
The trustee in the Letrizes' case, HSBC, is named on the suit to evict them. The bank stands to lose money on the property if it is vandalized.
But HSBC said in a statement that the servicer, Wells Fargo Home Mortgage, handled all questions on whether to evict tenants. Wells Fargo said in a statement that it did not have a summary eviction policy, but it could not name any instances in which it had extended a lease when not required to by state law, even though some trustees, including Deutsche Bank and U.S. Bank, have recently advised servicers to consider allowing renters to stay if it benefits the trust.
Wells Fargo also said that it had offered Mr. Letriz money to move, which he rejected (the normal cash-for-keys offer is $1,000 to $3,000).
Ms. Letriz, who is in her second year of training to be a nurse, said the whole process seemed arbitrary. "Your life is not being considered," she said. "You make a plan to go to nursing school, to help your brother, to send your children to school in New Haven. Now you have to get up and go. It breaks apart a family."
A spokeswoman for Fannie Mae, Amy Bonitatibus, said it expected to break even on rentals, hiring real estate agents to manage the properties. But so far, the program's impact has been limited. The company controls about 1,800 foreclosed properties.
Several states, including Connecticut, have introduced legislation to require banks to continue renters' leases after foreclosure. A similar bill has been introduced in Congress, where previous versions have failed.
In the meantime, banks in Connecticut have been unwilling to extend leases, said Cynthia Teixeira, manager of dispute resolution for the state's housing courts.
That leaves Mr. Letriz, who is awaiting surgery on his back, in limbo.
"So many things are up in the air." he said. "It's a lot of uncertainty."
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5) As Bats Die, Closing Caves to Control a Fungus
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
May 3, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/03/us/03bats.html?ref=us
CHARLESTON, W.Va. (AP) - The federal Forest Service is preparing to close thousands of caves and former mines in national forests in 33 states in an effort to control a fungus that has already killed an estimated 500,000 bats.
A Forest Service biologist, Becky Ewing, said an emergency order was issued last week for caves in 20 states from Minnesota to Maine. A second order covering the Forest Service's 13-state Southern region should be issued this month.
The sites will be closed for up to a year, Ms. Ewing said.
The orders follow the request in March by the Fish and Wildlife Service for people to voluntarily stay out of caves in 17 states.
Bats have been dying at alarming rates from what scientists call "white-nose syndrome," so named because it appears as a white powder on the face and wings of hibernating bats. The problem was first spotted in New York and in two years has spread to caves in Virginia and West Virginia.
Researchers believe the fungus is spread from bat to bat, but they have not ruled out a human connection, said Dennis Krusac, a biologist with the service's Southern region.
"We don't have the answers at this point," Mr. Krusac said.
Biologists are concerned that the fungus could wipe out endangered species like the gray, Indiana and Virginia and Ozark big-eared bats. The fungus affects bats' hibernation habits and causes them to starve.
Bats play a important role in keeping insects like mosquitoes under control. Bats eat from April to October, usually consuming their body weight in bugs each night. Ms. Ewing said the loss of 500,000 bats meant 2.4 million pounds of bugs not eaten in a year.
Peter Haberland, a caver from New York, said organized caving groups should not object to the closings. "For a period of a year, most people can deal with that," said Mr. Haberland, who serves on the Northeastern Cave Conservancy's board.
Peter Youngbaer, white-nose syndrome liaison for the National Speleological Society, a caving group, said it made sense for the Forest Service to issue umbrella orders to communicate a clear message. "There is a huge concern," Mr. Youngbaer said. "The recreation aspect is probably the least of our concerns."
Yet many people who explore caves are not part of organized groups, he said, so education will be important.
The Forest Service order says people found in a cave or mine face up to six months in jail and fines of up to $10,000. Ms. Ewing said Forest Service officials would enforce the bans.
Mr. Youngbaer said he was not convinced that humans helped to transmit the fungus.
A study based on soil samples taken from 200 sites in 30 states should help resolve that question. Results should be available in September.
Mr. Youngbaer said better financing from the federal government was needed to research the problem. Right now, he said, thousands of research dollars come from donations by caving and other groups.
Judy Rodd with the Friends of Blackwater, a group dedicated to protecting the West Virginia highlands, the Blackwater River watershed and the Blackwater Canyon, said that a "biological meltdown" was occurring and that caves in West Virginia needed special protection because they housed the largest populations of Virginia big-eared bats.
Many of the caves are in the Monongahela National Forest, which has announced it will extend a ban it imposed last year on access to caves in the 919,000-acre forest.
The ban last year affected only caves considered to be at high risk for the fungus.
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6) In a Senegalese Slum, a Building Material Both Primitive and Perilous
By ADAM NOSSITER
May 3, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/03/world/africa/03garbage.html?ref=world
GUÉDIAWAYE, Senegal - Aba Dione, 7 years old, met his end six weeks ago in the trash-filled corner of an abandoned dwelling here, as good a place to play as any, it seemed, when the other options were garbage and more garbage.
Except that in this case the thick carpet of crushed plastic bottles and bags, clothing shreds, old flip-flops and muck was deceptively floating on several feet of water; unknowing, Aba fell in and drowned.
Garbage might have seemed safe to the boy because it is everywhere in this forlorn, dun-colored slum abutting Dakar, the capital. Delivered on order for a few pennies a load by rickety horse-drawn carts speeding through the dirt streets of the Médina Gounass neighborhood of Guédiawaye, it is as pervasive as the hot midday sun in which it bakes. The people use it to shore up their flood-prone houses and streets in this low-lying area near the Atlantic coast; they have no choice.
Garbage, packed down tight and then covered with a thin layer of sand, is used to raise the floors of houses that flood regularly in the brief but intense summer rainy season, and it is packed into the dusty streets that otherwise become canals. The water lingers for months in the low-lying terrain of this bone-dry country.
Garbage is a surrogate building material, a critical filler to deal with the stagnant water - cheap, instantly accessible and never diminishing. The plastic-laden spillover from these foul-smelling deliveries pokes up through the sandy lots, covers the ground between the crumbling cinder-block houses, becomes grazing ground for goats, playground for barefoot, runny-nosed children and breeding ground for swarms of flies. Disease flourishes here, aid groups say: cholera, malaria, yellow fever and tuberculosis.
Ten miles away in the capital, piles of refuse are merely an intermittent feature of the dusty cityscape. Garbage in Dakar is dumped under tattered signs warning "Dump no garbage," and trash fires burn all night in neighborhoods by the beaches. Torn black plastic bags festoon Dakar's shrubbery, trees and fences in a metropolis of often do-it-yourself services.
But here in Médina Gounass, the unrestrained garbage tide finds its apotheosis.
"It's not the best way," said Pape Yabandao, a mason who was working on the walls of a house here. "But what can we do?"
Garbage had been an indispensable building tool for him, too.
Why?
"I don't have the means," he said. "If you don't have other solutions, and if everybody here uses garbage, you have to, too. There's water in the house and in the rooms." As he spoke, a garbage cart charged up a street in the distance to deliver its load.
"It's a problem of money," said Zale Fall, standing nearby. "The people who live here don't have the means for sand or rubble, so they are obliged to call the cart-drivers for filler. It's for our children's sake. Better to have illnesses than death."
Ami Camara, Aba's mother, was not the first to lose a child to the hidden bogs of Médina Gounass. Hanging her head in the courtyard of a four-room shanty where she and 15 family members live, she quietly recalled bathing her young son after lunch and sending him out to play. Then his friends found his shoes, and his body.
"Everything that happens is the will of God," said the boy's grandmother, Yaline Ndaye. "We can't do anything about it." She turned away.
Mrs. Camara's four remaining children were playing in a corner. Almost cater-corner was another darkened, abandoned house filled with water and garbage, nearly to the roof.
Local officials accept this near-worst-of-several-worlds with almost the same fatalism. "We wanted to stop this, because it is risky," said Amadou Gaye, deputy mayor for Médina Gounass, which has a population of around 85,000. "But the people are too poor. If these areas are filled in, there's less risk."
One risk quickly replaces another, however. Living in garbage - eating, washing and playing in it - "has harmful consequences," said Abdou Karim Fall, of the antipoverty development agency Enda - Tiers Monde, which is based in Dakar.
"All the diseases come with it," he said, "and they are so far advanced in these neighborhoods. Children are the most exposed. People live all year long right up against stagnant water and garbage."
In an upside-down world where garbage is sought for and dumped among homes, not removed, "people have no alternatives; they are left to themselves; they can only count on themselves," said Joseph Gaï Ramaka, a leading Senegalese filmmaker, who made a documentary about an incomplete government effort, the Plan Jaxaay, to build modern housing for people in vulnerable neighborhoods.
"These are people who are proud of being clean," said Mr. Ramaka, who now lives in New Orleans. "When they have to buy garbage, it's because they don't have any choice. The garbage, at least, allows them to sleep with their feet out of the water, and in their own house."
The practice has persisted for years. Médina Gounass was first settled in the early 1960s by rural people flocking to the city's outskirts, people who were not "educated in the culture of trash disposal," said Fatou Sarr, a socioanthropologist at the Cheikh Anta Diop University in Dakar, who has written about the area. Blessed by a marabout, or Muslim holy man, the territory attracted more settlers in the 1970s during a period of great national drought, when the problems of flooding seemed nonexistent.
Over the years, layer after layer of garbage was added, sometimes as much as 13 feet, to keep floors above the floodwaters, said Mansour Ndoye, an official at the Ministry of Urban Affairs, Lodging and Construction who helps run the Plan Jaxaay.
"These are people of extremely low income," he said. "They put down garbage, and they built on top of it. And they are still putting down garbage, in order to live."
Back in Médina Gounass, Mr. Gaye, the deputy mayor, poked one of the deceptive bogs with his foot. "You see, it's not filled in here," he said. "If someone fell in, it would be all over for them."
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7) Falling Wage Syndrome
By PAUL KRUGMAN
Op-Ed Columnist
May 4, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/04/opinion/04krugman.html
Wages are falling all across America.
Some of the wage cuts, like the givebacks by Chrysler workers, are the price of federal aid. Others, like the tentative agreement on a salary cut here at The Times, are the result of discussions between employers and their union employees. Still others reflect the brute fact of a weak labor market: workers don't dare protest when their wages are cut, because they don't think they can find other jobs.
Whatever the specifics, however, falling wages are a symptom of a sick economy. And they're a symptom that can make the economy even sicker.
First things first: anecdotes about falling wages are proliferating, but how broad is the phenomenon? The answer is, very.
It's true that many workers are still getting pay increases. But there are enough pay cuts out there that, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average cost of employing workers in the private sector rose only two-tenths of a percent in the first quarter of this year - the lowest increase on record. Since the job market is still getting worse, it wouldn't be at all surprising if overall wages started falling later this year.
But why is that a bad thing? After all, many workers are accepting pay cuts in order to save jobs. What's wrong with that?
The answer lies in one of those paradoxes that plague our economy right now. We're suffering from the paradox of thrift: saving is a virtue, but when everyone tries to sharply increase saving at the same time, the effect is a depressed economy. We're suffering from the paradox of deleveraging: reducing debt and cleaning up balance sheets is good, but when everyone tries to sell off assets and pay down debt at the same time, the result is a financial crisis.
And soon we may be facing the paradox of wages: workers at any one company can help save their jobs by accepting lower wages, but when employers across the economy cut wages at the same time, the result is higher unemployment.
Here's how the paradox works. Suppose that workers at the XYZ Corporation accept a pay cut. That lets XYZ management cut prices, making its products more competitive. Sales rise, and more workers can keep their jobs. So you might think that wage cuts raise employment - which they do at the level of the individual employer.
But if everyone takes a pay cut, nobody gains a competitive advantage. So there's no benefit to the economy from lower wages. Meanwhile, the fall in wages can worsen the economy's problems on other fronts.
In particular, falling wages, and hence falling incomes, worsen the problem of excessive debt: your monthly mortgage payments don't go down with your paycheck. America came into this crisis with household debt as a percentage of income at its highest level since the 1930s. Families are trying to work that debt down by saving more than they have in a decade - but as wages fall, they're chasing a moving target. And the rising burden of debt will put downward pressure on consumer spending, keeping the economy depressed.
Things get even worse if businesses and consumers expect wages to fall further in the future. John Maynard Keynes put it clearly, more than 70 years ago: "The effect of an expectation that wages are going to sag by, say, 2 percent in the coming year will be roughly equivalent to the effect of a rise of 2 percent in the amount of interest payable for the same period." And a rise in the effective interest rate is the last thing this economy needs.
Concern about falling wages isn't just theory. Japan - where private-sector wages fell an average of more than 1 percent a year from 1997 to 2003 - is an object lesson in how wage deflation can contribute to economic stagnation.
So what should we conclude from the growing evidence of sagging wages in America? Mainly that stabilizing the economy isn't enough: we need a real recovery.
There has been a lot of talk lately about green shoots and all that, and there are indeed indications that the economic plunge that began last fall may be leveling off. The National Bureau of Economic Research might even declare the recession over later this year.
But the unemployment rate is almost certainly still rising. And all signs point to a terrible job market for many months if not years to come - which is a recipe for continuing wage cuts, which will in turn keep the economy weak.
To break that vicious circle, we basically need more: more stimulus, more decisive action on the banks, more job creation.
Credit where credit is due: President Obama and his economic advisers seem to have steered the economy away from the abyss. But the risk that America will turn into Japan - that we'll face years of deflation and stagnation - seems, if anything, to be rising.
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8) Supreme Court Rules Against Government in Identity-Theft Case
By DAVID STOUT
May 5, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/us/05scotus.html?hp
WASHINGTON - The Supreme Court ruled unanimously on Monday that the federal government has been going too far in using identity-theft laws to prosecute undocumented workers who use fake identification to get and hold jobs.
In limiting the use of a law enacted in 2004 that has become a favorite weapon of the authorities who go after illegal immigrants, the justices said that to use it, a prosecutor must be able to show that a defendant knew that the identification he used actually belonged to another person.
The ruling in Flores-Figueroa v. United States, No. 08-108, was written by Justice Stephen G. Breyer and relied heavily on the wording of the statute, specifically its language regarding when a defendant can be properly accused of "knowingly" and unlawfully using another person's identification.
"As a matter of ordinary English grammar, it seems natural to read the statute's word 'knowingly' as applying to all the subsequently listed elements of the crime," Justice Breyer wrote, going on to discuss transitive verbs, their objects and the appropriate placement of adverbs.
The ruling was a victory for Ignacio Flores-Figueroa, a Mexican citizen who got a job at an Illinois steel plant in 2000. He originally used a false name and a fake Social Security number, one that did not match that of any real person.
Six years later, perhaps wishing to emerge at least partly from the shadow world in which illegal immigrants live and work, Mr. Flores-Figueroa told his employer he wanted to be known by his real name. He also presented forged Social Security and alien registration cards - documents that, fatefully, bore numbers that happened to be assigned to other people.
When Mr. Flores-Figueroa's situation came to light, he pleaded guilty to several immigration offenses, resulting in a 51-month sentence. But he contested the identity-theft charges, asserting that the government showed no evidence that he knowingly used numbers assigned to other people.
Nevertheless, he was convicted of aggravated identity theft and sentenced to the mandatory two additional years of confinement.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, in St. Louis, upheld the conviction, saying that the government needed to prove only a knowing use of false information - not that the defendant knew the fake number actually belonged to a real person.
It was that reasoning that the Supreme Court rejected on Monday, depriving the authorities not only of a prosecutorial tool but also of a means to pressure immigrants to plead guilty to lesser charges and agree to be deported. That was what happened to about 400 illegal workers arrested at a meatpacking plant in Postville, Iowa, in May 2008 in one of the most conspicuous immigration-enforcement incidents in recent years.
Justice Breyer said the ruling should not affect the pursuit and prosecution of identity theft in general, since in a typical case an offender who uses someone else's credit card or bank document knows full well that the credit card or bank document he uses belongs to a real person, and that the person will be harmed by the fraud.
As for the immigrants rounded up in Iowa a year ago, an interpreter assigned to their hearings testified that most of the immigrants did not know that the numbers they used belonged to other people. Indeed, the immigrants generally did not know what a Social Security card was.
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9) Senators Accuse Pentagon of Delay in Recovering Millions
By JAMES GLANZ
May 4, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/04/world/americas/04contract.html?ref=world
The Pentagon has done little to collect at least $100 million in overcharges paid in deals arranged by corrupt former officials of Kellogg Brown & Root, the defense contractor, even though the officials admitted much of the wrongdoing years ago, two senators have complained in a letter to Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates.
The letter also said that the Army had almost completely failed to move away from the monopolistic nature of the logistics contract that has paid the contractor, now called KBR, $31.3 billion for logistics operations in Iraq, Kuwait and Afghanistan.
The New York Times obtained a copy of the letter, dated Friday, by the senators, Claire McCaskill, Democrat of Missouri, and Susan M. Collins, Republican of Maine. Senator McCaskill is chairman of a contracting oversight subcommittee of the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, and Senator Collins is the subcommittee's ranking Republican.
Their letter is likely to revive allegations that the Pentagon has become so close to KBR, and relies so heavily on it, that there is little inclination or incentive to discipline the company, in response to either Congress or critics outside the government.
In 2007 the Army split the logistics contract, known as Logcap, in a way that allowed several companies to compete for each new need. The Army did this partly to avoid relying solely on KBR, whose pricing practices, even when technically legal, have sometimes received criticism as exorbitant. But the Army has seldom used the newly competitive arrangement.
The senators wrote that as of February, the latest date for which the subcommittee had received information, the Army had "not awarded a single task order for work in Iraq," the biggest source of logistics work.
In pressing for use of the new competitive arrangement, the senators cited 2008 legislation that calls for competition by multiple companies on military contracts unless there is "a compelling reason not to do so." The senators also brought up Congressional testimony by the Army's chief of logistics that they said indicated the Army had no such compelling reason.
Reached for comment, Dan Carlson, a spokesman at the Army Sustainment Command in Rock Island, Ill., which administers the work, pointed out that under the new competitive arrangement, in which KBR, Fluor and Dyncorp submit bids, Fluor and Dyncorp have received some work in Afghanistan and Kuwait. Mr. Carlson said that the Army was working toward awarding work in Iraq under the new competitive arrangement.
A spokeswoman for KBR, Heather L. Browne, said all of KBR's logistics contracts have been won competitively. She added that "when KBR has discovered wrongdoing of any sort by an employee, we have swiftly reported it to the government," and said the company "in no way condones or tolerates illegal or unethical behavior." KBR itself has not been accused of wrongdoing in any of the cases of fraud by former employees.
Ms. Browne made clear that the company intended to continue its logistics work, saying KBR remained committed to high quality and to "engaging in a transparent and fact-based dialogue with the government."
The letter and the Pentagon auditing documents that back up its conclusions are likely to be a point of discussion in Washington on Monday, when the Wartime Contracting Commission, a bipartisan legislative commission, is scheduled to meet on the logistics program, according to its Web site.
To the irritation of KBR's critics, the Army has generally upheld the bills the company has submitted to the military, even when the Pentagon's own auditors have questioned the amounts. But the argument that the Army was overcharged appears to be more clear-cut in the cases of several former KBR officials convicted of accepting bribes and kickbacks.
In those cases, the Army asked KBR to perform a certain task under the Logcap contract, like buying living trailers or building a dining facility, and the KBR officials found subcontractors in the region to carry out the actual work. The officials took bribes to steer the work toward subcontractors who were not the low bidders, or simply inflated the worth of the contracts once they had been awarded.
In the contracts handled by just one of those officials, Stephen Lowell Seamans, who pleaded guilty to bribery and conspiracy in March 2006, Pentagon auditors quickly found potential excess profits by a Kuwaiti subcontractor of $49.8 million, or 76 percent, "as a result of Mr. Seamans's fraudulent activities," the senators wrote.
Of $306 million in tainted contracts, at least $100 million of the charges appeared to be unjustified, wrote the senators.
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10) Community Colleges Challenge Hierarchy With 4-Year Degrees
By TAMAR LEWIN
May 3, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/03/education/03community.html?ref=education
MIAMI - When LaKisha Coleman received her associate's degree at Miami Dade Community College six years ago, her best bet for a bachelor's degree seemed to be at the more expensive Florida International University.
But nowadays, Miami Dade College - the "Community" has been dropped - offers bachelor's degrees in teaching and nursing and public safety management, and will soon add engineering technology, film production and others. Ms. Coleman returned to Miami Dade two years ago and is about to graduate with a degree in public safety management.
Ms. Coleman now recommends the college to family members. "It's much cheaper, the teachers are good, you can do it in the evening while you work, and everyone's very helpful," she said.
As Ms. Coleman discovered, the line between community colleges and four-year universities is blurring.
Florida leads the way, with 14 community colleges authorized to offer bachelor's degrees, and 12 already doing so, in fields as varied as fire safety management and veterinary technology. But nationwide, 17 states, including Nevada, Texas and Washington, have allowed community colleges to award associate's and bachelor's degrees, and in some, the community colleges have become four-year institutions. Others states are considering community college baccalaureates.
In most cases, the expanding community colleges argue that they are fulfilling a need, providing four-year degrees to working people who often lack the money or the time to travel to a university. But some of those universities are fighting back, saying the community colleges are involved in "mission creep" that may distract them from their traditional mission and lead to watered-down bachelor's degrees.
"It's cooking in several states, in many work-force-related fields, but there's a lot of debate and politics, and differing views on whether they're still community colleges if they give baccalaureates," said Beth Hagan, executive director of the Community College Baccalaureate Association, a nonprofit group that promotes the trend.
In Michigan, community colleges are seeking to offer baccalaureates in culinary arts, cement technology and nursing. Their efforts have stalled, said Mike Hansen, president of the Michigan Community College Association.
"We need legislation to do it, and the legislation's been introduced, but that's as far as it's gotten," Mr. Hansen said. "The four-year universities in the state are very much opposed to the idea."
Mike Boulus, the executive director of the group that represents the four-year universities, called the plan to expand community colleges "a solution in search of a problem."
"It's clearly unnecessary," Mr. Boulus said. "Community colleges should stick with the important work they do extremely well, offering two-year degrees and preparing students for transfer to four-year schools."
Some critics worry that community college baccalaureates will drive up costs, take resources from needy students and lead to low-quality degrees.
At Miami Dade College, more than 1,000 students are enrolled in baccalaureate programs. Their average age is 33; three-quarters are women, and slightly more than half are Hispanic.
Miami Dade's president, Eduardo J. Padrón, said the baccalaureate programs were part of his institution's mission of serving the community.
"We supply the area's nurses and the teachers, and we respond quickly to new work force needs in our community, training people for real jobs," Dr. Padrón said. "You won't see us starting a B.A. in sociology. We're offering degrees in things the universities don't want to do."
He emphasized that the programs required the same kinds of general education courses as four-year universities.
Miami Dade's baccalaureate courses feel unlike a typical college class. In a recent Monday evening class, Ms. Coleman and others were quick to share experiences from outside the class. The evening's topic was correctional officers - their pay, job requirements, working conditions and subculture. One student knows a guard who was fired for trafficking in cellphones; another tells of how the guards treated visitors when her son was in jail.
Almost all had earned their associate's degree, a prerequisite for the baccalaureate programs, at Miami Dade and had taken some classes at Florida International, but had found them expensive and unsatisfying.
Ms. Coleman, the third of 10 children, took 10 years after high school graduation to earn her associates' degree because she was working and had to take semesters off to care for her younger siblings and ailing mother.
Dr. Padrón said community colleges existed to serve students like Ms. Coleman.
"We have an open-door policy, and we serve 62 percent of Miami-Dade district graduates who go to college," said Dr. Padrón, referring to the local public school system. "Eighty percent of our students work, and 58 percent of them come from low-income families.
"Ours is a mission of rescue. The universities that handpick their students based on SATs and grades get three times the funding we do. We are the underfunded overachiever."
Dr. Padrón said he had no plans for Miami Dade to become Miami Dade State College, as it is entitled to be.
Some community colleges that offered baccalaureates have, however, morphed into four-year institutions, repeating a pattern in American higher education.
"From the 1840s to the 1940s we had the sequence where normal schools, founded to train teachers, became teachers' colleges, then abandoned that role to become colleges, and then the ball would keep rolling and they would become universities," said Christopher J. Lucas, an education professor at the University of Arkansas. "This has some of that feel. I get a little uneasy when I see community colleges playing at being four-year universities. When you try to be all things to all people, you end up not being very good for any of them."
Community-college baccalaureates challenge the educational hierarchy's boundaries between the research mission of universities, the teaching mission of colleges and open admissions for community colleges.
"Many people in leadership believe that's the right division of labor," said Carol Geary Schneider, president of the Association of American Colleges and Universities. "So like any fundamental change, the blurring of the lines is uncomfortable."
Further complicating matters, some four-year universities offer not only nursing and teaching degrees but also applied baccalaureates - Bachelor of Applied Science or Bachelor of Applied Technology - in the fields into which community colleges are expanding. "The old categories that divided the world up between big-picture and applied-skills are out of date and dysfunctional," Dr. Schneider said. "So colleges and universities of all kinds - two-year, four-year, public and private - are feeling their way toward a synthesis."
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11) Finance Official's Husband Was City's Highest-Paid Parking Judge
By Sewell Chan
May 4, 2009, 8:41 am
http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/05/04/finance-officials-husband-was-citys-highest-paid-parking-judge/
The highest-paid parking judge in New York City in 2006 and 2007 is the husband of the first deputy commissioner for the Finance Department, the agency that hires the judges.
According to city records, the judge, Allan J. Patricof, earned $110,472 in 2006, the same year that city investigators found that he had submitted time sheets for some hours when he was not at work. Mr. Patricof is married to Rochelle Patricof, the deputy finance commissioner.
Mr. Patricof's earnings were $20,000 more than any of the other 145 administrative law judges who hear ticket cases for the agency. In 2007, Mr. Patricof earned $84,687.24, also more than any other parking judge.
The department said it had yet to calculate how much the judges earned in 2008. It has said the deputy commissioner does not have a role in overseeing the hours assigned to parking judges.
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12) As Foreclosures Surge ...
Editorial
May 4, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/04/opinion/04mon2.html
The Obama administration sat by last week as 12 Senate Democrats joined 39 Senate Republicans to block a vote on an amendment that would have allowed bankruptcy judges to modify troubled mortgages.
Senator Obama campaigned on the provision. And President Obama made its passage part of his antiforeclosure plan. It would have been a very useful prod to get lenders to rework bad loans rather than leaving the modification to a judge.
But when the time came to stand up to the banking lobbies and cajole yes votes from reluctant senators - the White House didn't. When the measure failed, there wasn't even a statement of regret.
Mr. Obama's plan to keep struggling Americans in their homes now relies on lenders to voluntarily rework bad loans. The plan provides ample incentives, including payments to servicers who successfully modify loans and, in some cases, payments to mortgage investors who agree to modifications. Whether that will be enough remains to be seen.
The administration estimates that its plan will prevent three million to four million foreclosures, but it will take several months before there is enough data to evaluate. In the past, however, voluntary modifications have failed to curb the rise in foreclosures. The number of foreclosure filings in March was very high, with estimates between 290,000 and 341,000.
Even if lenders do agree to modify loans, many Americans will still be in trouble. That's because nearly 14 million homeowners are "under water" - they owe more on their mortgages than their homes are worth.
In a bankruptcy, such homeowners would likely have their loan principal reduced, lowering their payments and helping them to rebuild equity. In a typical voluntary loan modification, however, the monthly payment is reduced, but not the principal. That puts under-water borrowers at high risk of redefault, because there is no equity to fall back on if a financial setback leaves them unable to make mortgage payments.
The negative feedback loop - foreclosures beget falling home prices, which beget foreclosures, further weakening the banks - is well under way. We hope the president's plan can break the loop, but without bankruptcy reform it is going to be a lot harder.
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13) Justices Agree to Take Up Sentencing for Young Offenders
By ADAM LIPTAK
May 5, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/us/05scotus.html?ref=us
WASHINGTON - The Supreme Court agreed on Monday to consider whether the reasoning that led it to strike down the death penalty for juvenile offenders four years ago should also apply to sentences of life without the possibility of parole.
The court accepted two cases on the issue, both from Florida and neither involving a killing. In one, Joe Sullivan was sentenced to life without the possibility of release for raping a 72-year-old woman in 1989, when he was 13. In the other, Terrance Graham received the same sentence for participating in a home invasion robbery in 2004, when he was 17 and on probation for other crimes.
In the majority opinion in the death penalty case, Roper v. Simmons, Justice Anthony M. Kennedy wrote that teenagers were immature, unformed, irresponsible and susceptible to negative influences, including peer pressure.
"Even a heinous crime committed by a juvenile," Justice Kennedy concluded, is not "evidence of irretrievably depraved character."
Outside the context of the death penalty, however, the Supreme Court has not shown much interest in cases from prisoners claiming that the sentences they received were too harsh. But Douglas A. Berman, an authority on sentencing law at Ohio State University, said the factors cited by Justice Kennedy concerning juveniles might well apply in noncapital cases.
"The principles driving Roper," Professor Berman said, "would seem to suggest that its impact does not stop at the execution chamber."
The United States is alone in the world in making routine use of life-without-parole sentences for juvenile offenders. Human rights groups say more than 2,000 prisoners in the United States are serving such sentences for crimes they committed when they were 17 or younger. A vast majority of those crimes involved a killing by the defendant or an accomplice.
At the argument of the Roper case in 2004, Justice Antonin Scalia said the rationales offered against the juvenile death penalty applied just as forcefully to sentences of life without the possibility of parole.
"I don't see where there's a logical line," said Justice Scalia, who voted in dissent to retain the juvenile death penalty.
But Justice Kennedy wrote that life sentences would continue to deter young criminals after the death penalty became unavailable.
"The punishment of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole," Justice Kennedy wrote, "is itself a severe sanction, in particular for a young person."
Lawyers for the two Florida inmates cited international law, including the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which prohibits sentences of life without parole for juveniles. Justice Kennedy's invoking foreign and international law in the Roper decision was controversial, and the new cases will reopen the question of how much attention the Supreme Court should pay to international law.
Bryan S. Gowdy, a lawyer for Mr. Graham, said in an interview that his client had never been convicted of the robbery that sent him to prison for the rest of his life. Though evidence was presented concerning the robbery, the trial judge found only that Mr. Graham had violated the terms of his probation after an earlier conviction for armed burglary and attempted armed robbery when he was 16.
"When our children make mistakes, are we going to lock them up and throw away the key for life?" Mr. Gowdy said. "If you follow the rationale of Roper, that's not appropriate."
In rejecting a challenge to Mr. Graham's sentence last year, a Florida appeals court acknowledged that "a true life sentence is typically reserved for juveniles guilty of more heinous crimes such as homicide." But the court added that Mr. Graham "rejected his second chance" in violating the terms of his probation "and chose to continue committing crimes at an escalating pace."
A ruling in favor of the prisoners in the two cases - Graham v. Florida, No. 08-7412, and Sullivan v. Florida, No. 08-7621 - could be quite narrow. The Supreme Court may leave for another day, for instance, the question of how murders committed by juveniles may be punished.
Last year, drawing a similar distinction, the court said in Kennedy v. Louisiana that crimes against individuals that do not involve killing, including the rape of a child by an adult, cannot be punished by death.
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14) California: Ruling Against Anti-Creationism Teacher
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
May 5, 2009
National Briefing | West
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/us/05brfs-RULINGAGAINS_BRF.html?ref=us
A federal judge has ruled that a history teacher at a Southern California public high school violated the First Amendment when he called creationism "superstitious nonsense" in a classroom lecture. The judge, James Selna, issued the ruling after a 16-month legal battle between a student, Chad Farnan, and his former teacher, James Corbett. Mr. Farnan's lawsuit said Mr. Corbett had made more than 20 statements that were disparaging to Christians and their beliefs. The judge found that Mr. Corbett's reference to creationism as "religious, superstitious nonsense" violated the First Amendment's establishment clause. Courts have interpreted the clause as prohibiting government employees from displaying religious hostility. Mr. Corbett teaches at Capistrano Valley High School.
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15) Once 'Very Good Rent Payers' Now Facing Eviction
By MANNY FERNANDEZ
May 5, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/nyregion/05evict.html?ref=nyregion
A registered nurse came close to losing her $1,550-a-month apartment on the Upper East Side after being let go from two jobs in three months. A woman found herself dipping into a 401(k) to keep her $3,375 unit in Peter Cooper Village after her husband was laid off in February from his six-figure marketing job. A father of two with an M.B.A. and a law degree owed $5,400 in back rent in Stuyvesant Town after he struggled to find steady work and lent money to his wife's family.
Lawyers, judges and tenant advocates say the staggering economy has sent an increasing number of middle-class renters across New York City to the brink of eviction, straining the legal and financial services of city agencies and charities. Suddenly, residents of middle-class havens like Rego Park in Queens and Riverdale in the Bronx are crowding into the city's already burdened housing courts, long known as poor people's court.
Even some affluent people in high-end places are finding themselves facing off with landlords. One man, laid off by Merrill Lynch, was forced to move out of his $5,700 apartment in TriBeCa, owing $20,000 in back rent. Todd Nahins, a lawyer who represents owners of luxury residential buildings, has been busy negotiating payment plans for tenants in arrears.
"There's definitely an uptick of people who were basically very good rent payers until the economic downturn," Mr. Nahins said. "There's so many of them. People who at one point had made money are now not earning enough to pay their rent."
No one knows exactly how many of those kinds of tenants are facing eviction; the city's five housing courts, and two smaller community courts that hear similar cases, do not keep data on the income level of litigants. Overall, court records show that the number of cases filed citywide for nonpayment of rent jumped about 19 percent in the first two months of 2009 from the same period last year, to 42,257 from 35,588.
"It's cutting across all lines," said Jaya K. Madhavan, supervising judge of Bronx Housing Court. "The economy is really taking a toll on everyone."
While the downturn has certainly put plenty of lower-income people at risk of eviction, those involved in the housing court system say the growing numbers of accountants, salespeople, small business owners, construction project managers and other white-collar professionals being pursued for nonpayment is striking.
Lawyers for District Council 37, the city's largest public employee union, provided free legal assistance to members on 2,572 housing court cases last year, up from 2,277 in 2006. "People who never had eviction cases before are coming through our doors now," said Joan L. Beranbaum, director of the union's Municipal Employees Legal Services.
On the Upper East Side, the nonprofit Eviction Intervention Services has seen a spike in phone calls and office visits from tenants in rent-stabilized or rent-controlled apartments. In Bronx Housing Court, Room 360, which handles cases concerning units in co-ops and condominiums - which are often more expensive than those in rental apartment buildings - had 10,205 cases last year, up from 7,818 in 2007.
Landlords typically start nonpayment proceedings in housing court after a few months of missed rent, depending in part on a tenant's previous payment history; the goal is usually not eviction. "It's not about, 'If you don't have the money, get the hell out,' " Mr. Nahins said. "It's about, 'Look, we want to work it out.' Nobody wants vacancies in high-end apartments."
Diane Scott, a single mother on Staten Island, lost her home to foreclosure in 2007 after she was laid off as a $72,000-a-year legal recruiter, only to be threatened with eviction from her $1,750 apartment when her $40,000-a-year bookkeeping job was eliminated in June. After appearing in housing court in February, Ms. Scott, 42, said she had been unable to tell her three sons they might again have to move.
Kevin Brewster-Streeks, 29, and his partner, Greg Armstrong, 22, struggled to pay their $1,650 rent on Mr. Armstrong's $18-an-hour salary as a medical assistant after Mr. Brewster-Streeks's $36,450 job as a records clerk at a law firm was eliminated last year.
They borrowed $2,000 from relatives and friends and racked up $8,000 in credit-card debt. Mr. Armstrong withdrew about $4,000 from two pension and retirement accounts, and Mr. Brewster-Streeks started working as a hospital clerk for less than half of his previous pay. But they could not keep up: after two bouts in housing court, they moved out in February, owing nearly $7,000 in back rent.
"It's kind of dehumanizing," Mr. Brewster-Streeks said of the experience. "They see you as a certain kind of person. We've never been that certain kind of person."
Mr. Armstrong stopped attending classes at LaGuardia Community College for two semesters and took so much time off from work to deal with the court case that he earned a negative job review. Along with legal help from District Council 37, of which Mr. Armstrong is a member, the couple got an emergency loan from the city's Human Resources Administration.
They moved from a two-bedroom unit with ample closet space near Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx to a one bedroom with two small closets at the edge of the Cross-Bronx Expressway. The rent is $500 less, but they still have to pay off what they owe on the previous place, along with the $5,650 loan.
"It's going to take us a couple of years to get back from this," Mr. Armstrong said.
For months, Christine A. Lewis, 46, has been living a kind of nomadic existence in her own apartment, using borrowed furniture, wearing borrowed clothing. Her own belongings - bed, clothes, computer, television set - were put in storage after a city marshal knocked on the door of her one-bedroom apartment in Co-Op City in the Bronx in June with an eviction order. She managed to quickly negotiate a return, but has been unable to raise $1,600 to pay off the storage company and get her possessions back.
So when her son died from bone cancer in December at age 18, Ms. Lewis had to borrow a suit to wear to the funeral.
Ms. Lewis said she lost her job as a $52,000-a-year hospital lab technologist because she was unable to concentrate during her son's illness, and has been surviving since on unemployment benefits. She paid off $2,800 in back rent, but still worries about keeping up.
"It's horrible and all, but I try to look at everything as if the glass is half full, as a learning experience," she said.
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16) U.S. Raids Killed Afghan Civilians, Red Cross Says
By CARLOTTA GALL and TAIMOOR SHAH
May 7, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/07/world/asia/07afghan.html?hp
KABUL, Afghanistan - Dozens of Afghan civilians were killed in American air raids in western Afghanistan, the International Committee of the Red Cross said Wednesday. But Afghan officials gave far higher death tolls, ranging from 100 to 130 or more.
The reports offered a grim backdrop to talks coming Wednesday afternoon in Washington between President Obama and President Hamid Karzai of Afghanistan, whose office called the civilian deaths "unjustifiable and unacceptable" and said a government team had been sent to investigate. If the deaths are confirmed to have been from American bombing raid, this would be the largest case of civilian death in Afghanistan since President Obama took office.
The continuing toll in civilian casualties has been a principle factor in turning many Afghans against the fighting against the Taliban.
The governor of Farah Province, where the strikes occurred overnight Monday, told the national Parliament in a phone call played on loudspeaker that about 100 civilians had been killed, according to a legislator, Mohammad Naim Farahi.
Mr. Farahi said that there might be even more deaths. He said he gathered accounts from villagers, tribal elders and officials and calculated that 130 people, including many women and children, had been killed.
On Tuesday, enraged villagers took between 20 and 25 bodies from their district to the capital of Farah Province to show them to officials. Villagers' accounts then put the death toll at 70 to 100, they said.
In Washington on Wednesday morning, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton held a joint news conference with Mr. Karzai. : "We deeply, deeply regret" the loss of innocent life
"We hope we can work together in reducing and eventually eliminating civilian casualties," Mr. Karzai responded.
Jessica Barry, a spokeswoman for the Geneva-based International Committee of the Red Cross, said the organization had sent a team to scene of the bombing on Tuesday. The team members saw houses destroyed and dozens of dead bodies. Some, the team reported, had died while trying to shelter in a house.
"What our team saw was dozens of bodies, graves and people preparing burials," she said in a telephone interview.
The dead included women and children. "It's not the first time," Ms. Barry said, but "really this is one of the very serious and biggest incidents for a very long time."
In a statement on its Web site, the International Committee blamed the deaths squarely on the airstrikes.
"We know that those killed included an Afghan Red Crescent volunteer and 13 members of his family who had been sheltering from fighting in a house that was bombed in an air strike," the statement said, quoting Reto Stocker, the head of the Red Cross delegation in Kabul.
On Tuesday, the head of provincial council in Farah, Muhammad Nazir, said he had seen 20 to 25 bodies of women and children brought in two trucks to a regional administrative center. Eight or nine people, mostly children, were still in the provincial hospital, he said. But, he said, the precise toll was not yet clear.
He said the raids, which took place in the village of Granai in the Bala Baluk district of the province on Monday, had made local people "very furious" against both the Afghan government and American and NATO forces. But he blamed the deaths on a Taliban tactic of attacking police posts to provoke airstrikes that risked civilian casualties.
The bombardment may prove to be the largest case of civilian casualties since an attack on the village of Azizabad in western Afghanistan last year, in which United Nations officials said there was convincing evidence that 90 civilians were killed. The United States military only ever acknowledged that 30 civilians had died. The case led to stricter rules for calling in bombing raids on Afghan houses.
On Tuesday, the provincial governor of Farah, Rohul Amin, confirmed there had been heavy fighting and aerial bombardment in Bala Baluk, where Taliban and drug smugglers are active. He said then that 25 to 30 Taliban had been killed and that there had also been civilian casualties. He said he was sending a government delegation to the area to investigate.
The top United States spokesman in Afghanistan, Col. Greg Julian, confirmed that coalition forces had participated in the battle, The Associated Press reported Tuesday. Colonel Julian said that several wounded Afghans had sought medical treatment at a military base in Farah, but that officials were still investigating the reports of civilian deaths.
The Taliban had gathered in several villages named Shewan Kalai, Ganjabad, and Durani Kalai, in the Bala Baluk district, Mr. Amin, the provincial governor, said by telephone. They attacked police checkpoints in the villages around midnight on Monday and the fighting steadily escalated. Three policemen were killed and three others wounded. Two police cars were set on fire and one was stolen.
An Afghan Army unit was sent to the area, but found a heavy contingent of Taliban and later called in airstrikes. The Afghan Army has American trainers embedded with them who are able to call in air support. The fighting lasted about 12 hours through the night, the governor said.
"We don't know the exact numbers of the civilians' casualties; it is a densely populated area where the fighting broke out," the governor said Tuesday. "The Taliban are using civilians' houses for their own protection and as a shield," he said.
He said he would ask tribal elders to go to the region to investigate the villagers' claims, because the area was too full of the Taliban for government officials to go there.
Villagers told Afghan officials that they had put children, women, and elderly men in several housing compounds away from the fighting to keep them safe. But the villagers said fighter aircraft later attacked those compounds in the village of Gerani, killing a majority of those inside, The A.P. reported.
Mohammad Nieem Qadderdan, the former top official in the district of Bala Baluk, said he had seen dozens of bodies when he visited the village of Gerani.
"These houses that were full of children and women and elders were bombed by planes. It is very difficult to say how many were killed because nobody can count the number, it is too early," Mr. Qadderdan, who no longer holds a government position, told The A.P. by telephone. "People are digging through rubble with shovels and hands."
Carlotta Gall reported from Kabul, Afghanistan, and Taimoor Shah from Kandahar. Sangar Rahimi contributed reporting from Kabul and Alan Cowell from Paris.
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17) United Nations Rebukes Israel for Gaza Attacks
By THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
World Briefing | United Nations
May 6, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/06/world/middleeast/06briefs-israel.html?ref=world
A United Nations report released Tuesday condemned Israel for attacking United Nations schools and other facilities during its military campaign in Gaza in January. Secretary General Ban Ki-moon, left, said a United Nations investigation found conclusively that Israeli weaponry, some containing white phosphorus, was "the undisputed cause" of attacks on several schools, a health clinic and the organization's Gaza headquarters. He demanded that Israel compensate the United Nations for its losses.
Israel denied that it had intentionally struck the compounds, saying that it was forced to act against militants using the buildings and other civilian areas for cover. In his presentation on Tuesday, Mr. Ban took pains to point out that Israeli citizens in southern Israel "faced and continue to face indiscriminate rocket attacks by Hamas and other militant groups." Israel's deputy ambassador to the United Nations, Daniel Carmon, called the report "biased."
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18) Dismissal of Guilty Pleas Is Sought for Immigrants
By JULIA PRESTON
May 6, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/06/us/06immig.html?ref=us
The immigration lawyers' national bar association called on the Justice Department on Tuesday to consider dismissing the guilty pleas of nearly 300 illegal immigrant workers arrested in a meatpacking plant raid in Iowa last year, one day after the Supreme Court rejected a statute that prosecutors used to pressure them.
In its decision Monday, the court ruled that to win convictions for identity theft, prosecutors had to show that illegal immigrants knew that false identification documents they presented to employers actually belonged to another real person.
A Federal District Court in Iowa saw immediate fallout on Tuesday from the Supreme Court's decision, as prosecutors dropped one charge against a human resources manager from the meatpacking plant, Agriprocessors Inc. in Postville, Iowa.
Earlier, a federal district judge had ruled that the manager, Laura Althouse, could withdraw a guilty plea she entered last year in the case. Ms. Althouse had pleaded guilty to aggravated identity theft, after prosecutors accused her of helping illegal immigrants to hire on at the plant using documents that she knew were false.
In legal papers, Ms. Althouse's lawyers argued that she had not been aware that the documents some of the immigrants presented belonged to other people and were not wholly fabricated fakes. She is still facing sentencing next week on a separate charge in the case.
But the prosecutors' swift action to dismiss the charge against Ms. Althouse raised new concerns about the convictions of hundreds of illegal immigrants from Postville. In a statement, the American Immigration Lawyers Association praised the Supreme Court decision and called on Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. to order a case-by-case investigation of the prosecutions.
"The federal prosecutors used the law as a hammer to coerce the workers," said David Leopold, a vice president of the association. He said Mr. Holder should dismiss the charges in cases where the threat of prosecution under the statute "was a miscarriage of justice."
The aggravated identity theft statute carries a mandatory added sentence of two years in prison, above any other sentence imposed. Fearing that they would be convicted in a trial, most of the immigrants pleaded guilty to lesser charges of document fraud and also agreed to summary deportation. They served five months in prison, and most have been deported.
The Postville cases were the toughest application to date of criminal charges against illegal immigrants whose main offense was that they were working without authorization.
Representative Zoe Lofgren, Democrat of California and chairwoman of the House immigration subcommittee, went further than the immigration lawyers. The Justice Department should "start from scratch and pretend these cases never happened," she said. "They did not comport with the requirement of the law."
Bob Teig, a spokesman for the United States attorney in Cedar Rapids, declined to comment on the Postville cases because some are still making their way through the court. The Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, covering Iowa, had upheld the interpretation of the identity theft law that prosecutors applied to the immigrant workers from Postville.
The immigration lawyers group also raised new questions on Tuesday about the recommendation for the post of United States attorney of Stephanie Rose, an assistant United States attorney in the Northern District office who was a leading prosecutor in the Postville cases. Ms. Rose has been recommended for the position by Senator Tom Harkin, Democrat of Iowa, although she has not yet been nominated by the White House.
Some Iowa defense lawyers have said that Ms. Rose was the main prosecutor in charge of securing guilty pleas from hundreds of Postville immigrants.
In a statement Tuesday, Senator Harkin said Ms. Rose "had no role in deciding what charges to bring or what plea agreements to offer." He said Ms. Rose, who has been an assistant United States attorney in Iowa for 12 years, "has demonstrated great intellect and judgment, outstanding leadership and strength of character."
Eleven criminal defense lawyers who represented immigrant workers from Postville wrote in an open letter that Ms. Rose "worked incredibly long hours and exhibited a level of competence and ability that would be hard to overstate."
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19) Lawmakers Strike Deal to Rescue New York Transit
By WILLIAM NEUMAN and NICHOLAS CONFESSORE
May 6, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/06/nyregion/06mta.html?ref=nyregion
After months of stalled negotiations among state leaders, Gov. David A. Paterson announced on Tuesday a long-awaited deal to rescue the Metropolitan Transportation Authority that will hold the increase in the base subway fare this year to 25 cents.
Under the deal, the base fare for a single bus or subway ride would rise to $2.25 from $2. The cost of a monthly MetroCard would probably rise to about $89 from $81, according to officials in the Legislature. Other fares and tolls, including tickets on the Long Island Rail Road and Metro-North Railroad, would go up about 10 percent.
The agreement would prevent a 20 to 30 percent increase in fares and tolls that was set to go into effect within weeks, and stave off deep service cuts.
The plan calls for a payroll tax, a surcharge on taxi rides and increases in vehicle-registration and license fees and the auto-rental tax.
"This has been very difficult on the commuters of the M.T.A. region," Mr. Paterson said at a news conference in Albany, flanked by the Assembly speaker, Sheldon Silver, and the Senate majority leader, Malcolm A. Smith. "We can assure them this evening that there will be no surprises, that there will be no further cuts or fears about fare hikes or toll increases. We have resolved that issue this evening."
Mr. Smith and Mr. Silver said they expected to call for a vote on the plan, and pass it, on Wednesday.
Officials said that the rescue plan will help the authority get through a financial crisis in which it faced growing budget deficits, made even worse as tax revenues shrink in the slumping economy.
It will also provide financing for at least the first two years of the authority's 2010 to 2014 capital program, which pays for key maintenance and modernization projects needed to keep the transit and commuter rail system in good repair.
The breakthrough to limit the fare hike came after months of agonizing stalemate and brinksmanship in Albany. The base subway and bus fare was scheduled to rise to $2.50 on May 31; monthly MetroCards would have increased to $103.
The plan announced on Tuesday calls for fares and tolls to rise again in 2011 and 2013, each time by enough to increase revenues from those sources by 7.5 percent.
The rescue package had been held up due to disagreements in Albany, mostly among Democratic legislators and mostly in the Senate, where Democrats hold a 32 to 30 majority.
Republicans have refused to support the plan.
Negotiations on the rescue took a major step forward on Monday when two Democratic senators from Long Island dropped their opposition to the plan's centerpiece: a tax on payrolls to be paid by employers in the 12-county region served by the authority.
The senators, Craig M. Johnson and Brian X. Foley, agreed to accept a compromise offered by Mr. Paterson, under which the state would reimburse school districts for the cost of the new tax.
That was followed by intensive negotiations on Tuesday, as officials tried to work out a formula that would provide enough money for the capital program without imperiling the authority's operating budget or driving fares too high.
Under the agreement, about $400 million will be set aside each year from the payroll tax proceeds for capital needs. That will pay the cost of borrowing about $6.5 billion through bonds, enough to get a start on the capital plan, Mr. Silver said.
But negotiators decided that in order to set aside that much money for capital expenses, they would need more money for the authority's operating expenses. They agreed to raise fare and toll revenues by 10 percent this year, rather than the 8 percent increase previously proposed as part of the bailout plan.
Each 1 percent increase in fares and tolls generates an additional $50 million in revenue a year. A 10 percent fare and toll increase will bring in about $500 million a year.
The legislative leaders also agreed to set a single rate for the payroll tax in all 12 counties served by the authority - a tax of 34 cents for every $100 of payroll. An earlier Senate version of the plan called for a lower rate in three outlying counties.
The payroll tax is expected to raise $1.53 billion a year.
The plan also includes a series of charges on vehicles and drivers in the 12- county region: a 50-cent surcharge on taxi rides, a $25 increase in vehicle registration fees, a 25 to 30 percent rise in drivers' license fees and a 5 percent increase in a tax on car rentals. Those fees are expected to generate a total of $270 million a year.
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20) A U.S. Hog Giant Transforms Eastern Europe
By DOREEN CARVAJAL and STEPHEN CASTLE
May 6, 2009
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/06/business/global/06smithfield.html?ref=business
CENEI, ROMANIA - For centuries - from the Hapsburg Empire through Communist dictatorship - peasant farmers here have eked a living from hogs, driving horses along ancient pocked roads and whispering ritual prayers on butchering day.
Old customs and jobs are dying and the air itself is changing, however, transformed by an American newcomer, Smithfield Foods. Almost unnoticed by the rest of the Continent, the agribusiness giant has moved into Eastern Europe with the force of a factory engine, assembling networks of farms, breeding pigs on the fast track, and slaughtering them for every bit of meat and muscle that can be squeezed into a sausage.
The upheaval in the hog farm belts of Poland and Romania, the two largest E.U. members in Eastern Europe, ranks among the Continent's biggest agricultural transformations.
It also offers a window on how a Fortune 500 company based in Virginia operates in far-flung outposts. Smithfield has a joint venture in a Mexican hog farm located near where United Nations scientists are investigating a potential link between pigs and the new strain of influenza in humans. With the exact origins of the virus still in doubt, Smithfield emphasizes that the disease has struck none of its hogs or employees.
But Smithfield's global approach is clear; its chairman, Joseph Luter III, has described it as moving in a "very, very big way, very, very fast." In less than five years, Smithfield enlisted politicians in Poland and Romania, tapped into hefty European Union farm subsidies and fended off local opposition groups to create a conglomerate of feed mills, slaughterhouses and climate-controlled barns housing thousands of hogs.
It moved with such speed that sometimes it failed to secure environmental permits or inform the authorities about pig deaths - lapses that emerged after swine fever swept through three Romanian hog compounds in 2007, two of which were operating without permits. Some 67,000 hogs died or were destroyed, with infected and healthy pigs shot to stanch the spread.
In the United States, Smithfield says it has been a boon to consumers. Pork prices dropped by about one-fifth between 1970 and 2004, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, suggesting annual savings of about $29 per consumer.
In Eastern Europe, as in American farm states where Smithfield developed its business strategy, the question is whether the savings are worth the considerable costs. The company says it is "sensitive to our neighbors' concerns" and that complaints are often from disgruntled residents left behind.
But Robert Wallace, a visiting professor of geography at the University of Minnesota says Smithfield's global rise is part of a broader "livestock revolution that has created cities of pigs and chickens" in poorer nations with weaker regulations. "The price tag goes up for small farmers."
In Romania, the number of hog farmers has declined 90 percent - to 52,100 in 2007 from 477,030 in 2003 - according to European Union statistics, with ex-farmers, overwhelmed by Smithfield's lower prices, often emigrating or shifting to construction. In their place, the company employs or contracts with about 900 people and buys grain from about 100 farmers.
In Poland, there were 1.1 million hog farmers in 1996. That number fell 56 percent by 2008, as the advent of modern farming methods transformed agriculture, according to the Polish National Agricultural Chamber.
Two years ago, Daniel Neag housed 300 pigs in the empty stalls of his windswept farm near Lugoj, in Romania. Since 2005, membership in his breeder association plunged to 42 from 300. The secretary treasurer tends honeybees.
The impact on the environment is even more marked. With almost 40 farms in western Romania, Smithfield has built enormous metal manure containers to inject waste into the soil. "We go crazy with the daily smell," said Aura Danielescu, the principal of a school in Masloc, who closes her windows tight.
Smithfield farms in Romania's Timis County are among the top sources of air and soil pollution, according to a local government report, which ranked the company's individual farms No. 13 through No. 40. The report also indicates that methane gases in the air rose 65 percent between 2002 and 2007.
Taxpayers footed part of the bill; Smithfield tapped into millions of euros in subsidies - from a total of €50 billion available in the E.U. last year - that are meant to encourage modern farming balanced with care for the environment.
In a similar chain of consequences, separate subsidies mined by Smithfield helped support the export of cheap pork scraps from Poland to Africa, where some hog farmers also are giving up because they cannot compete.
Smithfield representatives strongly defend their methods. They say they did everything they could to quash the Romanian swine fever outbreak, and they contend the lack of licenses was an oversight. "We have learned not to assume that a government's awareness of our plans and operations is the same as permission to keep moving forward until we have obtained all necessary permits," Charles Griffith, a company lawyer, said in answer to written questions.
Company officials also point to heavy investment in poor parts of Eastern Europe and a commitment to reinvesting profits locally. Mr. Griffith highlighted among Smithfield's contributions the "acquisition, renovation, and construction of meat processing plants, swine farms, feed mills, and cold storage facilities," and support for "networks of independent farmers that are contracted to shelter and feed pigs to market weights."
For all that, some villagers in the new hog country say they are dazed. "For them, it's like dealing with primitive people in the bush, where only power and strength is important," said Emilia Niemyt, the mayor of Wierzchkowo, a Polish village of 331 people that has pressed complaints about odors. "They fulfill the idea of conquering the East with the methods of the Wild West."
ASSEMBLY LINE OF PIGS
When the East beckoned in 1999, Smithfield exported a vertical integration strategy, copied from the poultry giant Tyson Foods. The chief promoter of that strategy was Mr. Luter, whose family transformed a 73-year-old meatpacking operation into a behemoth with almost $12 billion in annual revenue.
Every stage of a hog's life - from artificial insemination to breeding genetic characteristics - is controlled. A handful of employees tend thousands of hogs that spend their lives entirely indoors, under constant lighting, to spur growth. Sows churn out litters three or four times a year. Within 300 days, a pig weighing roughly 120 kilograms, or 270 pounds, is ready for slaughter.
Smithfield fine-tuned its approach in the depressed tobacco country of eastern North Carolina in the 1990s. In 2000, money started flowing from a Smithfield political action committee in that state and around the United States. Ultimately, more than $1 million went to candidates in state and federal elections. North Carolina lawmakers helped fast-track permits for Smithfield and exempted pig farms from zoning laws.
As Smithfield flourished, the number of American hog farms plunged 90 percent - to 67,000 in 2005 from 667,000 in 1980. Some farm states grew wary. When Hurricane Floyd struck North Carolina in 1999, torrential rain breached six pig waste lagoons, prompting the authorities to impose a construction moratorium on new pig farms using lagoons.
Missouri, too, pressed Smithfield to install technology to reduce odor. In Iowa, Smithfield lobbyists fended off efforts to force meatpackers to purchase hogs on the open market instead of using only their livestock.
Facing more restrictions in the United States, Smithfield took its North Carolina game plan to Poland and Romania, where the company moved nimbly through weak economies and political and regulatory systems.
Today Smithfield is the biggest pork producer in Romania, where it owns an enormous meatpacking plant, almost 40 hog farms and croplands sprawling over 50,000 acres. In Poland, the company employs 500 farmers to raise hogs that are bound for its Communist-era slaughterhouse, Animex.
Smithfield declined to disclose the total of subsidies it has collected. Romania pays a levy of around 30 euros per pig raised suggesting that, by producing 600,000 a year, Smithfield was eligible for 18 million euros in special national subsidies intended to improve the leanness of hogs. Though the company said late Tuesday that not all its pigs qualified for the subsidy, it did not say how many are. Newly released Romanian data show the company collected almost €300,000 in cropland subsidies last year and more than €200,000 in special funding for new European Union states. In Poland, Smithfield reaped more than €2 million for its subsidiary Agri Plus.
"Subsidies are money," Luis Cerdan, chief executive of Agri Plus, said. "It improves the profits of the company."
But Mr. Griffith, Smithfield's lawyer, characterizes total benefits as tiny. Even more so, he said, "when you consider that we have not taken any cash out of these operations and have no plans to do so in the foreseeable future."
HELP AT HIGH LEVELS
When it first arrived in Eastern Europe, Smithfield courted top politicians in both Poland and Romania, the latter a particularly poor country of 23 million with a weak government and under constant E.U. pressure over corruption.
In the post-Communist disorder, it is essential to know your way about. In Bucharest, Smithfield turned to Nicholas Taubman, a wealthy Republican businessman who was the U.S. ambassador to Romania during the administration of President George W. Bush. Mr. Taubman escorted Smithfield's top executives during meetings with the Romanian president and prime minister and president.
"I'm from Virginia and they're a large corporation and I know them very well," Mr. Taubman said, noting that he had also helped Ford Motor, which had an easier time in Romania because it had the support of a government minister.
Once the top leaders in Romania showed their support for Smithfield, developments fell into place; about a dozen Smithfield farms were designed by an architectural firm owned by Gheorghe Seculici, a former deputy prime minister with close ties to President Traian Basescu of Romania, who is godfather to his daughter.
Further help came from a familiar front: Smithfield's lobbyist, the Virginia firm McGuireWoods, set up a Bucharest office in 2007 to liaise between Smithfield and the Romanian government. In many ways McGuireWoods was the perfect choice; it had also represented Romania for three years to press its NATO-membership campaign.
Mr. Basescu, the president, was not shy in acknowledging the company, which he praised at a joint news conference with President George W. Bush at a NATO summit meeting last year. Smithfield was also very visible in its appreciation: It contributed €20,000 to pay for Romanian ceremonial uniforms at the summit meeting, according to the Foreign Ministry.
Mr. Taubman said that access was vital. "It's extremely difficult to do business there unless you have someone like the prime minister or someone in the prime minister's office who reaches down to whomever is concerned and says this is what to do," he said.
As straightforward as that may seem, lobbying on the part of a big firm from the United States - the superpower that East Europeans seek to please - raised some eyebrows.
"We understand public diplomacy and political lobbying," noted Steen Steensen, an agriculture expert at the Danish Embassy, whose country has also expanded hog farms into Eastern Europe. ''But we trust that the business and commercial channels operate in a normal and fair way."
"Smithfield's dominance and manifest aggressive approach is worrying," Mr. Steensen said in one agricultural report.
ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS
The connections in the upper reaches of government meant that Smithfield could weather protests from local communities. The company was fined €9,000 for spilling manure on a local highway while transporting waste from a leaking container; €35,000 for a leaking bin that seeped hog waste into soil; another €35,000 for four farms operating without permits in Arad County; and €18,500 for not preventing water pollution.
Some villagers, however, concentrate on the advantages. "I have land near them and there's no problem," Dorin Mic Aurel, mayor of Masloc, said. Smithfield is the biggest taxpayer in Masloc, contributing $27,000 yearly that helped bring running water to the village.
But Smithfield found it hard to overcome fallout from the swine fever outbreak that struck Cenei. At the time, hog corpses lay in heaps, and residents remember chaotic efforts to shoot and burn them. That particular strain affects only hogs, but scientists have found elements of swine viruses - one from Europe or Asia, the other from North America - in the genetic code of the new influenza A(H1N1) virus.
When Ioan Ciprian Ciurdar, deputy mayor of Cenei, said that the stench from nearby farms was overpowering, Smithfield responded that a heat wave was to blame.
Mr. Ciurdar said that he had visited the farm with a colleague who snapped photographs until a security guard demanded the camera and destroyed the pictures. "If you're an owner," he said, his voice rising, "it doesn't mean you can do whatever you want."
Smithfield contends that "it is impossible to know" why the pigs got sick, while noting a breakdown in the supply of government-supplied swine flu vaccines. But several officials on both sides of the debate believe that Smithfield was overwhelmed by its own industrial machine and its ever multiplying pigs.
"Thousands of piglets were born," Mr. Seculici, the architect, said. "There was no place to put them because the new farms weren't finished. Nobody admits this, but this was the cause of swine flu. They were forced to improvise."
Smithfield acknowledges that it placed young pigs on farms under construction, but insists that doing so had no impact on health.
"It was done too fast; that caused a lot of problems," Mr. Taubman, the former U.S. ambassador, said.
When it came to cleanup, Smithfield again turned to special E.U. subsidies, requesting $11.5 million in compensation. But the local authorities - those with the power to dole out the money - balked at the demand, outraged that the epidemic was taking place on unlicensed farms which they accused of lax biosecurity measures.
A special mission of the European Commission confirmed some of their complaints, finding that Smithfield had failed to submit regular reports on the deaths of its pigs and that employees moved freely between farms despite suspicions of swine fever.
"Although we acknowledge these dysfunctions, this does not mean that our farms were operating outside the purview of Romanian authorities," Mr. Griffith, a lawyer for Smithfield, wrote. "Our farms were operating openly and in regular, day-today contact with those authorities."
"When we discovered that a number of our farms in Romania were operating on an emergency basis without all required permits," Mr. Griffith said, Smithfield acted "to obtain all required permits."
Blocked from collecting the money, Smithfield turned to Valeriu Tabara, head of the Romanian Parliament's agricultural committee. With support from other politicians, Mr. Tabara pushed for an amendment that would enable animal owners to be compensated for disease-driven losses regardless of ignoring proper biosecurity measures.
Smithfield is uncertain if the amendment will be beneficial to the company. The revision, Mr. Griffith said, "would generally not apply retroactively to our claim."
Mr. Tabara has no doubts, however, saying that "Smithfield is in the category of companies that have registered losses."|
A STRUGGLE ACROSS CONTINENTS
When Mr. Neag, the former hog farmer, strides his land, only two animals trail him: battered mutts.
He is a cereal farmer now, like many other former hog farmers who complain their annual incomes have fallen by about half to €5,000.
"I didn't think they were the enemy like someone who comes to take the bread from our mouth," Mr. Neag said, recalling the arrival of Smithfield.
That lament echoes as far away as the Ivory Coast.
Patrice Yao's pig farm in Abidjan, near a local prison, is part of a cluster where farmers like him and Basile Donald Yao are trying to survive despite a flood of cheap frozen pork from Europe.
"My farm isn't working," said Mr. Yao, 27, who owns about 45 hogs, compared with 100 three years ago. "The Europeans are sending all their cheap meat to our market."
The Animex packing house spokesman, Andrzej Pawelczak, declined to identify where the Smithfield pork products were sent in West Africa. But in Polish Farmer Magazine he identified the countries as Liberia, Equatorial Guinea and the Ivory Coast.
According to Polish agricultural officials, Animex collected more than €3 million in export funds.
In the face of that, Ivorian farmers cannot compete. Fresh local pork sells for under $2.50 a kilo, while Europe's frozen offal is a bargain in bustling markets at $1.40.
Mr. Yao said that many pig farmers have left, in search of work. Like Romanian ex-farmers combing Europe's construction sites for work, he is considering becoming an export himself.
"I've already got my passport and when the occasion presents itself I am going to leave," he said.
"I dream of leaving for Italy or Spain. There is nothing here for us."
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